Yeah I think your missing the pressure coolant is under in the system as well might effect the valve opening earlier with less temperature. That would be my guess why it opened at higher temp than indicated other than being defective.
The main reason for pressurizing the cooling system is to increase the boiling point of the coolant. Pressure could have an effect on the thermostat, but you could still establish a benchmark without a pressurized system. If I had a spare aftermarket one I could definitely make a comparison between the two. I have a couple of vessels I can manipulate pressure in, but I don't think I have one that will fit the thermostat. We need more lab equipment, time to get a few grants I suppose.