The US farm bill is an interesting piece of legislation with many parts to it. It supports a lot of programs and has to be passed within a certain time period or it reverts to policies and programs set in place in 1948. After Congress signs the bill, they then have to appropriate the money to pay for the programs. The government approves tons of programs in the FB, but quite often there isn't money to support them.
You are correct. This money is a continuation of claims from 1999 for farmers that did not meet the deadline. On normal programs the USDA is horrible about informing people. I can imagine this settlement was just as bad or worse. One quote I've seen said:
"The USDA did not effectively notify the farmers that there was a settlement, or where farmers could file their complaints. Farmers who didn’t have telephones or indoor bathrooms were told to go online for more information about the settlement."
This is par for the course for the USDA. Only around 16,000 claims were paid in 1999 with over 75,000 claims outstanding that may have missed the deadline.
The 2008 FB was a cluster **** and took forever to pass. The 2002 bill had to be extended several times so programs didn't revert back to 1948 levels. Due to the delays, only $100 million for additional claims to pay black farmers that were discriminated against was budgeted, but that wasn't enough to pay all of the claims.
I'm a strong proponent of agriculture. I'm not in favor of reparations for former slaves or any other "black power" type movement. The USDA pulled the same crap with Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asians and is currently being sued by those groups. Sec. Vilsack has admitted to USDA's past discrimination against non-white farmers. This money is really just a drop in the bucket to the government.
I don't know whether most of these claims actually stem from FSA/USDA reps being racist or whether it'd due to other bureaucratic bull shit that cause them to get their loan payments late or not at all. I'm sure some of the racism claims will be false, and some farmers will get money that they don't deserve, but it's like that with every USDA program. Most farmers aren't as stupid as people think. Farming is big business, and farmers know how to work the system. The way USDA determines whether someone was a victim of racial discrimination needs to be redefined to make sure people that were truly discriminated against get the money and others don't.
IMO - this is a good read that isn't really slanted one way or the other.
USDA's settlement with black farmers
That seems like it is a pretty fair read from both sides, knowing little about the issue anyways. It seems like a large part of the problem is the USDA's processing abilities; it would be interesting to see if all white farmers were spoken for as well, just to see if there is merit to discrimination or if it was simply a case of because they spoke up, their concerns were the only ones addressed; it seems management of the investigation/issue is VERY poor, as was the entire operation of the loans process.
Like you said, I'm sure a good majority of those farmers are VERY rural and back in the 90's didn't have a telephone, let alone an internet connection.